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 Tennis is a sport played between either two players (singles) or two teams of two players each (doubles). Players use a stringed racquet to strike a ball, a hollow rubber sphere covered in felt, over a net into the opponent's court. In some places tennis is still called lawn tennis to distinguish it from real tennis (also known as royal tennis, court tennis or jeu de paume), an older form of the game that is played indoors on a very different kind of a court. Originating in England in the late 19th century AD, the game spread first throughout the English-speaking world, particularly among the upper classes. Tennis is now played in the Summer Olympic Games and at all levels of society, by individuals of all ages many countries around the world. Its rules have remained remarkably unchanged since the early 1900s. Along with its millions of players, tennis claims millions of people who follow the sport as spectators, being particularly interested in the four Grand Slam tournaments.
 At the highest levels of the sport a team of up to ten officials may be on court at any given time.1 These officials are broken up in to categories based on their responsibility during the match. Contrastingly, many tennis matches are conducted with no officials present. The Chair Umpire "is the final authority on all questions of fact during the match."2 Questions of fact include whether or not a ball was in, the calling of a service let or the calling of a foot-fault. The Line Umpire "calls all shots relating to the assigned lines."3 Line umpires work on court as part of a team of between three and nine line umpires. Each line umpire is assigned by the chair umpire to one line or, in the case of a short handed crew, a position in a system. For example, a line umpire on the receiver's side may have to cover the center service line then, following the serve, move to one of the sidelines.
Governing bodies Rules Courts Grand Slam events Shots 
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